Assuming yes, are they automatically added or do you have to manually add them to the replication set?
Answers provided in the call:
1. Yes, you can add user fields.
2. No, they are not automatically added. You have to add the user fields to the pre-delivered replication sets or add your own new replication set and add the user fields to it. There is an option to add all persistent user fields.
Another question in this vein asked on the call:
Are there known performance issues when replicating business classes that include user fields?
And answered:
There can be a performance issue if replicating a user-defined derived field that does complex longer-running computations.
You want to limit the use of user fields that are not persistent (as well as delivered fields that are derived/compute) as those fields are calculated at run time, but when the calculation/derivation changes, do not trigger a replication in and of themself